wealthschema/archetypes/sb-01-llc-s-corp-owner-pass-through
SB-01Small BusinessAccumulationmoderate tax complexity

LLC / S-Corp Owner (Pass-Through)

Owner of a profitable LLC or S-Corp, taking reasonable salary plus distributions, QBI deduction, solo 401k or SEP-IRA, mixing personal and business finances.

SB-01 is the reasonable-compensation archetype: pass-through owners splitting income between W-2 salary and distributions to manage IRC §1402 self-employment tax while staying inside the §199A QBI deduction and IRC §162 reasonable-comp guardrails.

Age Range
35–55
Net Worth
$100k–$1M
Cohort
Small Business

About this archetype

SB-01 exists because the S-Corp pass-through structure creates a uniquely dense testing surface that neither the W-2 employee corpus nor the schedule-C sole-proprietor corpus exercises. Owners pay themselves a W-2 salary, draw the remainder as distributions, and IRS scrutiny under Rev. Rul. 74-44 and David E. Watson v. United States targets owners who under-pay salary to avoid FICA. Layered on top: IRC §199A QBI deduction with the W-2-wage limitation and unadjusted-basis-immediately-after-acquisition (UBIA) limitation that kick in at the §199A(b)(2) thresholds, IRC §1402 self-employment tax (which an S-Corp shields from on distributions but an LLC taxed as a partnership does not), basis tracking on the §1366 K-1 stock-and-debt basis worksheets, and accountable-plan reimbursements under Treas. Reg. §1.62-2 for the home-office and auto deductions that personal returns mishandle.

The structural story is a household with median income around $182k drawn from a profitable closely-held operating business, median net worth approaching $1M, and the balance sheet split between liquid assets ($327k median) and a less-liquid ownership stake. Retirement planning runs on Solo 401(k) or SEP-IRA — the Solo 401(k) employer contribution capped at 25% of W-2 wages is itself a function of the reasonable-comp decision, so the tax-software and advisor-tooling reasoning loop is tight. Mixed personal-and-business finance is the recurring data-quality issue: credit-card carries from both sides of the entity wall, and bookkeeping software has to disentangle them.

SB-01 sits between SB-02 (solo practitioner, often Schedule C with no S-Corp election) and SB-03 (multi-member partnership with K-1 guaranteed payments and partnership-tax complexity). The S-Corp election plus the W-2-and-distribution dual-income posture is the diagnostic feature; without the election, the household belongs in SB-02 or A-04. With multiple owners and a partnership-tax filing, the household belongs in SB-03.

Defining characteristics

  • S-Corp election
    Form 2553 election in effect, converting an LLC's default tax treatment to subchapter S — surfaces shareholder-basis tracking and the single-class-of-stock requirement.
  • QBI deduction
    IRC §199A 20% pass-through deduction, with phaseouts above the §199A(b)(2) thresholds and SSTB carve-outs for specified service trades or businesses (health, law, accounting, consulting).
  • Solo 401(k)
    Solo 401(k) with employer contribution capped at 25% of W-2 wages (so reasonable-comp drives retirement-plan capacity); SEP-IRA appears as an alternative in higher-comp years.
  • Owner distributions
    Pro-rata distributions to shareholders that bypass FICA but require stock-basis adequacy under IRC §1368 — distributions in excess of basis recharacterize as capital gain.
  • Reasonable compensation
    The Rev. Rul. 74-44 reasonable-comp standard — what the owner would pay an unrelated employee for the same services — drives the IRS audit risk profile.
  • Business health insurance
    Self-employed health insurance deduction under IRC §162(l) for >2% S-Corp shareholders, with premiums added to W-2 box 1 and deducted above-the-line on Form 1040.

Corpus signature

n = 15 households

Aggregated across the 15 SB-01 households in the shipped v3 corpus corpus. Numbers describe the corpus, not population claims.

Median income
$182k
p25–p75 $151k–$205k
Median net worth
$918k
mean $1.0M
Liquid net worth
$327k
median
Investable assets
$576k
median
Income distribution
$125k–160k
5
$160k–195k
3
$195k–230k
7
Net-worth distribution
$650k–1.0m
11
$1.0m–1.4m
1
$1.4m–1.8m
3
Goals across the corpus
Retirement15 / 15
Education funding7 / 15
Debt payoff6 / 15
Emergency fund5 / 15
Home purchase5 / 15
Liability composition
Credit cards15 / 15
Mortgages10 / 15
Student loans6 / 15
Auto loans6 / 15
  • 10 of 15 (67%) are homeowners; the remainder rent.
  • TX, NJ, OK account for 8 of 15 households — 53% of the corpus.
  • Median adult-member age is 46 (range 38–55 across primaries and spouses).
  • 7 of 15 (47%) carry one or more dependents.

Representative household

SB-01-seed-13
William B.Single·Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ

William is the single-owner SB-01 file that tests the loneliest corner of reasonable-comp: no spouse to split income with, a single-class-of-stock entity, and a $182k gross-income figure that is itself a split between a W-2 line and a distribution line that downstream software must distinguish. Retirement is off track because the Solo 401(k) employer contribution is capped at 25% of his W-2 wages — pushing more into distributions to reduce FICA tightens the retirement-plan ceiling. The debt-payoff goal is on track because cash flow is healthy; the diagnostic is the structural tradeoff between FICA savings and qualified-plan capacity.

Gross income
$181,523
Net worth
$778,770
Liquid NW
$287,972
Age
42
Top goals on this household
Retirement
$2,882,100
Debt payoff
$8,721

Schema fields covered

Every SB-01 household ships with — at minimum — these JSON fields populated. The full schema is documented in the data set you purchase.

members[].age
income.combined_gross
net_worth.total
filing_status
accounts.taxable.lots[].acquisition_date
accounts.taxable.lots[].cost_basis
accounts.taxable.lots[].unrealized_pnl
taxes.wash_sale_flags

Who builds against this archetype

Tax-software platforms use SB-01 for 1120-S preparation flows — Schedule K and K-1 generation, shareholder-basis worksheets, §199A QBI deduction with W-2-wage and UBIA limitations, and the SSTB phaseout logic. Wealth and retirement-plan platforms use it for Solo 401(k) employer-contribution calculation tied to W-2 wages, plus the reasonable-comp-driven contribution-capacity tradeoff. Bookkeeping and ledger products use it for accountable-plan reimbursement workflows, owner-draw versus distribution coding, and the personal-business co-mingling cleanup that defines real-world S-Corp accounting. Compliance teams testing financial-account-aggregation reconcile shareholder K-1 figures against personal tax returns.

Testing scenarios this corpus is calibrated for

  • 011120-S preparation with Schedule K-1 generation, including shareholder-basis tracking under IRC §1366 and distribution-in-excess-of-basis capital-gain recharacterization.
  • 02IRC §199A QBI deduction with W-2-wage limitation, UBIA limitation, and SSTB phaseout above the §199A(b)(2) thresholds.
  • 03Reasonable-compensation modeling against industry-comp benchmarks and IRS Rev. Rul. 74-44 factors.
  • 04Solo 401(k) employer contribution computation capped at 25% of W-2 wages — the tradeoff against distribution maximization.
  • 05Self-employed health insurance deduction under IRC §162(l) for >2% shareholders, including W-2 box 1 add-back and above-the-line deduction.
  • 06Accountable-plan reimbursement workflows under Treas. Reg. §1.62-2 for home-office, auto, and mileage deductions kept off the personal return.

Edge cases and what's not in this corpus

SB-01 is the S-Corp-elected pass-through owner with a single entity. Multi-entity holding-company structures, qualified subchapter S subsidiaries (QSubs), and ESOP-owned S-Corps are excluded by design — those belong in the broader SB-03 or P-02 (Established Business Owner) corpora. Owners taking only distributions and zero W-2 salary are deliberately not modeled here because that posture invites IRS audit and isn't representative of a sustainable steady state. Real-estate-rental-only LLCs that elected S-Corp status (uncommon and usually disadvantageous because of §469 implications) are out of scope — those belong in MB-03. Specified service trade or business (SSTB) owners deep into the §199A phaseout are present but not specifically over-sampled; if SSTB phaseout behavior is the test, consider the SB-02 corpus which over-indexes professional services.

Calibration notes

Income and net-worth bands during v3 synthesis were anchored to IRS SOI tabulations of 1120-S filings and BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages for small-employer industries, with state concentration in TX / NJ / OK reflecting both genuine S-Corp prevalence and a sampling choice to surface no-state-income-tax versus state-income-tax planning. Reasonable-comp ratios are realistic but not tied to a specific year's RC reports benchmark study. Per CLAUDE.md §9 the corpus is FROZEN — the priors above describe synthesis intent rather than auditable distribution fits. §199A thresholds and phaseout ranges reflect the statute as enacted; year-specific inflation adjustments are not asserted.

How this differs from related archetypes

Frequently asked questions

What does the SB-01 archetype represent?+

SB-01 — LLC / S-Corp Owner (Pass-Through) represents profitable closely-held businesses taxed under subchapter S, with the owner taking a W-2 salary plus pro-rata distributions. It is the archetype for reasonable-compensation testing, §199A QBI deduction with W-2-wage limitations, Solo 401(k) capacity, and shareholder-basis tracking.

What income range does the SB-01 corpus cover?+

The 15 shipped SB-01 households have a combined gross income median of $181,523 (25th–75th: $150,648–$204,635). Median net worth is $917,968 with median liquid net worth of $326,859; the remainder is concentrated in business-ownership equity that does not appear on personal liquidity reports.

How does SB-01 differ from SB-02 (Solo Practitioner)?+

SB-01 has an S-Corp election in effect — owner pays a W-2 salary, takes distributions, and shields a portion of profit from §1402 self-employment tax. SB-02 is the unelected solo practitioner on Schedule C where the full net income is subject to SE tax. The reasonable-comp testing surface only exists in SB-01.

Does the corpus capture §199A QBI phaseout behavior?+

Yes. The income distribution clusters around and above the §199A(b)(2) threshold so that products can exercise the W-2-wage limitation, UBIA limitation, and SSTB phaseout logic. Specific SSTB classification is a downstream computation against the household's industry attribute.

Are personal-and-business finance co-mingling patterns reflected?+

Yes — credit-card balances appear in every household and the corpus is structured to surface the typical S-Corp data-quality problem of personal-and-business co-mingling that bookkeeping software must disentangle. Accountable-plan reimbursement testing relies on this pattern.

Is the SB-01 corpus regenerable?+

No. The shipped v3 corpus is frozen and not regenerable from current code (drift confirmed 2026-05-09). Improvements land in a future v4 release with per-archetype golden fixtures in CI.

Get this archetype's data

Download households matching this archetype as part of a Wealth Data Set.

Browse Data Sets

Life Stage

Formation
Accumulation
Preservation
Distribution
Transfer