wealthschema/archetypes/n-01-crypto-heavy-portfolio
N-01NicheAccumulationmoderate tax complexity

Crypto-Heavy Portfolio

Investor with significant crypto holdings (>20% of net worth), DeFi exposure, NFTs, complex tax reporting.

N-01 is the mass-affluent earlier-stage crypto household — meaningful digital-asset allocation, exchange-based exposure, and a tax surface dominated by Form 8949 line-item explosion. It is the lighter-touch counterpart to CR-01's deeper DeFi profile.

Age Range
25–40
Net Worth
$100k–$1M
Cohort
Niche

About this archetype

N-01 represents the household where crypto exposure has crossed the threshold from incidental to portfolio-material — typically more than 20% of investable assets — but the activity remains predominantly centralised-exchange and self-custody rather than deep DeFi. The diagnostic surface for tax software is the Form 8949 line-item count: a household that trades on multiple centralized crypto exchanges, holds a portion in a hardware wallet, and occasionally moves between platforms produces hundreds to low-thousands of taxable events per year, each requiring acquisition-date, cost-basis, and disposition-date tracking. Wash-sale rules under §1091 do not currently apply to crypto, which creates harvesting opportunities at year-end but also creates tax-software branching most engines were not designed for. Staking rewards arrive as ordinary income at fair-market-value-on-receipt under Rev. Rul. 2023-14; hard forks and airdrops add §61(a) ordinary-income recognition events that have no W-2 or 1099 analogue.

The cash-flow profile is a W-2 mass-affluent earner ($136k median income) whose balance sheet has been amplified by a crypto allocation — median net worth of $1.07M sits a tier higher than the underlying wage income would predict. Liquid net worth at $494k is unusually high relative to net worth, reflecting the volatile, exchange-resident character of the position. The corpus skews young (median age 32) and skews toward CA, MA, and NE — a concentration that reflects where the early-adopter population synthesised. Twelve of 18 are homeowners, often through a mortgage funded after a crypto liquidation that surfaces a multi-month basis-and-AML conversation with the lender.

What distinguishes N-01 from CR-01 is depth and complexity. N-01 is the earlier, lighter version: exchange-resident positions, occasional NFT, staking on a major chain. CR-01 in C20 is the deeper-DeFi variant — liquidity pools, yield farming, bridges across L2s, governance-token positions, and the tax complexity that comes with each of those. Buyers building generic crypto-aware features should usually start with N-01; buyers building specifically for DeFi accounting should reach for CR-01.

Defining characteristics

  • Crypto allocation >20% of net worth
    Calibrated above the 20% threshold most platforms use as a concentration warning trigger. Useful for testing concentration-risk dashboards on portfolios where the asset is digital rather than equity.
  • Form 8949 line-item complexity
    Hundreds to low-thousands of taxable events per year across multiple exchanges. Tax-software CSV-import, FIFO/specific-ID lot accounting, and rounding-reconciliation flows are the relevant test surfaces.
  • Wash sale inapplicable
    Crypto sits outside §1091 wash-sale rules in current guidance, enabling year-end tax-loss harvesting without 30-day reentry restrictions. Useful for harvesting-eligibility logic that must branch on asset class.
  • Staking income
    Rev. Rul. 2023-14 treats staking rewards as ordinary income at fair-market-value on receipt. The corpus supports testing this against engines built primarily for capital-gain accounting.
  • Hard fork and airdrop income
    §61(a) ordinary-income recognition with no W-2 or 1099 counterpart. Households in the corpus carry at least one fork or airdrop event per year on average.
  • Self-custody and exchange-resident mix
    Hardware wallets plus 2–4 centralised exchanges is the typical pattern. Critical for any reconciliation tool that needs to dedupe transfers from sells.

Corpus signature

n = 18 households

Aggregated across the 18 N-01 households in the shipped v3 corpus corpus. Numbers describe the corpus, not population claims.

Median income
$136k
p25–p75 $112k–$149k
Median net worth
$1.1M
mean $1.2M
Liquid net worth
$494k
median
Investable assets
$630k
median
Income distribution
$100k–125k
7
$125k–150k
6
$150k–175k
5
Net-worth distribution
$1m–1.3m
15
$1.3m–1.6m
2
$1.6m–2m
1
Goals across the corpus
Retirement18 / 18
Education funding10 / 18
Debt payoff9 / 18
Emergency fund7 / 18
Home purchase6 / 18
Liability composition
Credit cards18 / 18
Auto loans13 / 18
Mortgages12 / 18
Student loans9 / 18
  • 12 of 18 (67%) are homeowners; the remainder rent.
  • CA, MA, NE account for 10 of 18 households — 56% of the corpus.
  • Median adult-member age is 32 (range 22–42 across primaries and spouses).
  • 10 of 18 (56%) carry one or more dependents.

Representative household

N-01-seed-3
Ashley M.Married filing jointly·San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA

Ashley and Christopher hit the corpus income median almost exactly and sit slightly above the net-worth median, with a liquid-to-total ratio (~79%) that is unusually high — almost the entire balance sheet is exchange-resident or hardware-wallet crypto. Total liabilities of $1,438 are effectively nil. They are flagged off-track on home purchase, education funding, and retirement, which is the diagnostic pattern: paper wealth at a HNW tier but no rebalanced, tax-aware deployment of it. This is the household that breaks goal-planning software written under the assumption that liquid assets are stable.

Combined income
$136,249
Net worth
$1,119,941
Liquid NW
$888,760
Ages
36 / 31
Top goals on this household
Home purchase
$108,999
Education funding
$1,146,009
Retirement
$2,649,600

Schema fields covered

Every N-01 household ships with — at minimum — these JSON fields populated. The full schema is documented in the data set you purchase.

members[].age
income.combined_gross
net_worth.total
filing_status
accounts.taxable.lots[].acquisition_date
accounts.taxable.lots[].cost_basis
accounts.taxable.lots[].unrealized_pnl
taxes.wash_sale_flags

Who builds against this archetype

Three buyer profiles draw on N-01 most heavily. Crypto-aware tax-software vendors use it for Form 8949 line-item performance testing, cost-basis lot-accounting validation (FIFO, LIFO, HIFO, specific-ID), and the staking / fork / airdrop ordinary-income branches that legacy engines do not handle. Wealth-platform engineering teams testing onboarding for affluent younger investors use it to validate digital-asset position ingestion, concentration-warning thresholds against non-equity assets, and KYC/AML conversation flows triggered by exchange-to-bank transfer events. Mortgage and consumer-lending teams use it for sourced-funds validation where the down payment originates in a crypto liquidation — a documentation pattern that conventional automated underwriting routinely flags.

Testing scenarios this corpus is calibrated for

  • 01Form 8949 generation performance testing against multi-exchange, multi-thousand-line-item tax years.
  • 02Cost-basis lot-accounting validation across FIFO, LIFO, HIFO, and specific-identification under the wash-sale-inapplicable regime.
  • 03Staking-income ordinary-income recognition under Rev. Rul. 2023-14, layered with capital-gain accounting on the same wallet.
  • 04Hard-fork and airdrop §61(a) recognition timing — fair-market-value on receipt with no 1099 paper trail.
  • 05Concentration-risk dashboards on portfolios where the >20% position is a digital asset rather than a single stock.
  • 06Mortgage underwriting flows with sourced-funds documentation tracing a down payment to a crypto liquidation and AML clearance.
  • 07Year-end tax-loss harvesting eligibility with 30-day reentry permitted under current crypto wash-sale treatment.

Edge cases and what's not in this corpus

N-01 stops short of deep DeFi. Liquidity-pool positions, yield-farming income, bridged assets across L2s, governance-token voting, and DAO treasury exposure all live in CR-01 (Crypto-Heavy / DeFi Investor) in C20. Use CR-01 when the testing surface is impermanent-loss accounting, IL-rebate income classification, or bridge-transaction reconciliation. N-01 also caps below true HNW — net worth tops out near $2M; UHNW crypto households with offshore-trust planning, charitable-remainder structures for low-basis crypto, or §1202 QSBS-equivalent strategies belong in H-03 with crypto overlay. ESG-screened or faith-based investors who exclude crypto on values grounds are N-02 or ES-01. Households where crypto exposure produced a realised loss large enough to trigger insolvency are S-02.

Calibration notes

Income bands during v3 synthesis were anchored to upper mass-affluent SCF segments; crypto allocation share was informed by Pew Research and Federal Reserve Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking crypto-ownership prevalence data for the 25–40 age band. The decision to keep N-01 to centralised-exchange and self-custody activity (rather than deep DeFi) is a deliberate scoping choice that separates this archetype from CR-01. Specific token holdings, exchange identity, and on-chain activity are synthesised illustratively; the corpus is not a price-history simulator. Per CLAUDE.md §9 the v3 corpus is frozen and not regenerable from current code, so calibration claims are descriptive of the shipped fixtures rather than reproducible from a seed.

How this differs from related archetypes

Frequently asked questions

What does the N-01 archetype represent?+

N-01 — Crypto-Heavy Portfolio represents a mass-affluent household with digital-asset allocation above 20% of investable assets, predominantly centralised-exchange and self-custody. Median income $135,683, median net worth $1,070,220, median age 32. It is the lighter-touch crypto archetype; CR-01 in C20 covers deeper DeFi exposure.

How is N-01 different from CR-01?+

N-01 households trade on centralised exchanges, hold in self-custody hardware wallets, and stake on major chains. CR-01 households add liquidity pools, yield farming, L2 bridges, governance tokens, and the impermanent-loss accounting that comes with those. Buyers building generic crypto-aware features should start with N-01; buyers building DeFi-specific accounting should reach for CR-01.

Does wash-sale apply to N-01 households?+

Under current IRS guidance §1091 wash-sale rules do not apply to cryptocurrency. The corpus is the right test population for year-end harvesting eligibility logic that must branch on asset class — equity positions reset the clock, digital-asset positions do not. Legislative change is possible; the corpus reflects current law as of v3 synthesis.

What tax-software features does N-01 exercise?+

Form 8949 line-item generation at scale, cost-basis lot accounting across FIFO/LIFO/HIFO/specific-ID, staking-income recognition under Rev. Rul. 2023-14, hard-fork and airdrop §61(a) ordinary-income branches, and harvesting-eligibility logic under the wash-sale-inapplicable regime.

How were N-01 households generated?+

Deterministically from a seeded sampler (Mulberry32 PRNG) in src/lib/generation/, with crypto-allocation share and exchange-mix flags applied as overlay attributes. Per-domain version constants are surfaced in each household's _meta block.

Is the N-01 corpus regenerable?+

No. The shipped 1,451-household v3 corpus is frozen and not regenerable from current code (drift confirmed 2026-05-09). Sampler improvements land in a future v4 release with per-archetype golden fixtures in CI to prevent silent drift.

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